Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) are increasing popularity as a sophisticated wastewater treatment technology. Crucial to the success of MBRs are hollow fiber membranes, which provide exceptional filtration capabilities and contribute to the overall efficiency of the system. These membranes, typically made from materials like polysulfone or polypropylen

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These sophisticated systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate efficient mass transfer, cellular growth, and product accumulation. This comprehensive review delves into the fundamentals of hollow fiber